The wholesale banking model

The wholesale banking model can be found in two ways:

Commercial and private line: in this case, the bank offers one manager to work for the organization, allowing it to negotiate and process savings and financing privately. This line of business is used by large listed companies or large volume transactions.
The common line: even outside of commercial or retail banking, several organizations provide private but general assistance to several business units.
In general, wholesale banking plays a fundamental role in managing the financial and investment flows of large organizations because they have highly specialized and large accounting-oriented personnel in transactions that commercial banks cannot provide, so they have several institutional agents. financing and investment and act as intermediaries between them.

Mixed banking system.
It is called mixed banking to one that operates in commercial banking or consumer banking and wholesale or industrial banking as well as one that is in public and private capital.

Banking was originally divided into retail and commercial banking, industrial or corporate banking, and, in particular, investment or corporate banking for large companies and large-scale operations.

Until recently, banking was clearly defined and dedicated to a previously defined sector, but as banks expanded and empowered, traditional retail banking began to work with products designed for small and medium enterprises and to finance the operations of large companies. while industrial or commercial banking opened to the traditional consumer sector as a way to diversify its market and offset the loss of weight of the industrial sector in the economy as a whole.

Mixed banking as a legal entity whose capital consists of public and private capital contributions

At the same time, the term mixed banking also refers to that bank whose capital consists of public and private resources. The state banking system has always been a tool of the state to regulate to a certain extent and manage its criteria in the banking market, especially before the deregulation and opening of the 1980s and 1990s of the twentieth century.

Over time, as the sector became more liberalized, state banks were absorbed into traditional private banking operations, except in some cases where only part of the capital was sold with either a majority or a minority of the public sector, but were at any rate, it had room for action and direction.

In this sense, mixed or semi-public banks were the main sponsors of lines of financing for SMEs and entrepreneurs, choosing easier financing and a higher rate of return, thus demonstrating their original principles.